Drilling wells
Wells have been known since ancient times as the main source for extracting groundwater from within the layers.
The well is a cylindrical hole that penetrates the water-bearing layers, inside which water is collected
Then bring it to the surface to benefit from it.
Previously, the process of bringing water to the surface was done by old common methods such as buckets
. Nowadays, humans have invented water pumps that have enabled them to lift large amounts of water
From inside the well to the surface in a short period of time
And from deep layers in an easy and convenient way, which is the reason for the increase in groundwater consumption.
Methods of drilling groundwater wells
As a result of dealing with rocks of varying hardness, many methods for drilling groundwater wells have been developed
To suit the type of layers being drilled, their hardness and the depth of the well.
For example, we find that the methods used in drilling very hard rocks, such as granite and highly structured dolomite, differ from the methods used in drilling fragile rocks disintegrated from sandy and gravel riverbed deposits.
Therefore, the choice of the method of drilling wells has become closely linked to the area of construction of the well and the nature of its rocks, and some methods of drilling wells have become more common and successful in some areas than in other areas.
Despite this, it is sometimes necessary to modify the drilling process to suit the depth and diameter of the well, the nature of the aquifer, and finally with the main purpose of constructing the well.
Ileum drilling method
The percussion drilling method was known by the Chinese, who used it about four thousand years ago and were able to drill to great depths, reaching about 3,000 feet. This method relies on dropping a sharp, solid object and hitting it with rocks
It causes it to break and break.
Repeating the impact process several times leads to penetrating the solid rock body and creating a cylindrical hole inside it.
So digging in this way requires the use of a heavy hammer that is lifted and dropped on the rocks.
The drilling hammer ends with a sharp tip known as the drill head, which leads to holes in the rocks in the place where the hammer falls. The complete drilling column for this method consists of five main parts:
Drill head
Drill head
Drill Bottles
Drill rope
Cord cavity
The drilling process using the hammer method is summed up by raising the drill head with the weights above it (the drilling kit) and dropping them on the rocks for the purpose of crushing them.
This process is repeated many times and very quickly, with the drilling tool rotating every time it rises to the top.
Of course, when rocks are crushed, their debris remains inside the well hole, thus reducing the rate of penetration of the drilling head into the rocks, and it becomes necessary to remove this debris. In this case, we will need to drain the well and remove the rock fragments from inside it.
It is used in the process of draining the well and removing rock fragments from inside a large bucket. In order to complete this removal process, the rock fragments must be in the form of a clay mixture that is easy to remove.
Therefore, if the rocks are dry and free of water, water must be added to the hole of the well to form the clay mixture. The bucket is connected to a rope known as a sand line in order to lower it into the well and raise it when it is filled with a rock crusher.
The thickness of the sand line depends on the weight of the rock crumbs expected to be lifted from inside the well and extends to a reel located at the top of the drilling tower known as the sand reel.
This pulley is used to lower and raise the well’s dewatering bucket, as well as to lower the casing tubes and strainers that are installed in most cases at the end of the drilling process.
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